Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Armstrong, Louis (1928). "West End Blues." Hot Five. Columbia Phonograph Co: New York, NY. This primary source recording helps set the mood and tone for the description of jazz and its importance in musical history.
Davis, Miles (1958). "Summertime." Porgy and Bess. Columbia Records: New York, NY.
This primary source enhanced my website with multimedia.
"Dizzy Gillespie, Interview" (1986). Al l Things Considered. National Public Radio: New York, NY.
Lomax, Alan (1938). "Early in the Morning." Archive of American Folk Song. <http://www.loc.gov/folklife/lomax/. This collection of prison songs has been well studied and mimics the work and field songs sung by slaves in the pre-civil war era.
"Louis Armstrong, with Marable's Capital Revue, IRC" (1919). Discovery Education. Web. Retrieved on 22 February 2012 from <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. This primary source photo depicts big band swing era jazz musicians, featuring Louis Armstrong.
"Salt Peanuts" (1947). Video clips provided by PBS (2000). Retrieved from Discovery Education Web on 23 February 2012 from <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. This clip mirrored my description of a changing music style and culture in America in the 1940s.
Zanolini, A. (2011). Phone interview with author on 11/25/2011. This telephone interview with Adam Zanolini, who is a candidate for his PhD in Ethnomusicology from City University of New York, with a specialty in African American jazz, helped to clarify the stages of jazz and the political conditions that shaped jazz. He emphasized the racial interactions and the restrictions on Blacks that helped jazz evolve into the music that it is today.
Secondary Sources
Balliett, W. (2000). Collected Works A Journal of Jazz 1954-2000. New York: St. Martin’s Press. This book was not exactly useful to most aspects of this project, but it did provide some background on the main events of the jazz period from 1954 through 2000.
Cultural Contributions of Black Americans: Jazz Dawns in America and Jazz Sounds in America (1992). Prod. CLEARVUE & SVE. CLEARVUE & SVE., 1992. Retrieved from Discovery Education Web on 23 February 2012. A clip from this informational documentary illustrated the revolution of music from field songs to Jazz. I used the clip to highlight the essence of ragtime.
Culture and Change in Black History in America: History of Jazz.
(2011). Where Teachers Come First. Copyrighted 2011. Retrieved from www.library.thinkquest.orgon 11/8/2011. This website contained the most useful information on the very beginning of jazz, when the slaves were brought from Africa to America, and what instruments they played.
Giddins, G. & DeVeaux, S. (2009). Jazz. New York: Norton & Company, Inc. This book is a complete resource on jazz. It provided much information about jazz from the early 1900s until 1980. It also provided short biographies of famous jazz artists.
Morgan, T. L. (2011). Jazz Roots. Jazz. Copyrighted 1995-2011. Retrieved from
www.jazz.com on 11/8/2011. This website provided information on the history of jazz from the 1950s until the 1980s. It mainly focused on who were the founders of that period of jazz.
Shannon, L. (2000). Where Blues & Jazz Started. Retrieved from www.musicatschool.com on 11/8/2011. This website gave an abundant amount of information about later jazz, from the 1980s onward.
Photos and Quotes
http://www.guitar-theroy-in-depth.com/jazzquote. This website gave many memorable quotes from famous jazz artists, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, and Charlie Parker.
http://brainyquote.com, Copyrighted 2001-2011. This website gave many memorable and interesting quotes from other famous jazz musicians, such as Louis Armstrong and Fat Navarro.
www.worldimages.com. This website offered many great pictures of famous jazz artists throughout history, Louis Armstrong being one of them.
www.art.com. This website was the source of many pictures and graphics related to jazz and music.
www.edu.glogster.com. Copyrighted 2012. This website housed many interesting graphics of musical instruments used throughout the jazz era.
www.fanpop.com. Copyrighted 2006-2012. This website showed many interesting pictures and was a good source for art and graphics.
Primary Sources
Armstrong, Louis (1928). "West End Blues." Hot Five. Columbia Phonograph Co: New York, NY. This primary source recording helps set the mood and tone for the description of jazz and its importance in musical history.
Davis, Miles (1958). "Summertime." Porgy and Bess. Columbia Records: New York, NY.
This primary source enhanced my website with multimedia.
"Dizzy Gillespie, Interview" (1986). Al l Things Considered. National Public Radio: New York, NY.
Lomax, Alan (1938). "Early in the Morning." Archive of American Folk Song. <http://www.loc.gov/folklife/lomax/. This collection of prison songs has been well studied and mimics the work and field songs sung by slaves in the pre-civil war era.
"Louis Armstrong, with Marable's Capital Revue, IRC" (1919). Discovery Education. Web. Retrieved on 22 February 2012 from <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. This primary source photo depicts big band swing era jazz musicians, featuring Louis Armstrong.
"Salt Peanuts" (1947). Video clips provided by PBS (2000). Retrieved from Discovery Education Web on 23 February 2012 from <http://www.discoveryeducation.com/>. This clip mirrored my description of a changing music style and culture in America in the 1940s.
Zanolini, A. (2011). Phone interview with author on 11/25/2011. This telephone interview with Adam Zanolini, who is a candidate for his PhD in Ethnomusicology from City University of New York, with a specialty in African American jazz, helped to clarify the stages of jazz and the political conditions that shaped jazz. He emphasized the racial interactions and the restrictions on Blacks that helped jazz evolve into the music that it is today.
Secondary Sources
Balliett, W. (2000). Collected Works A Journal of Jazz 1954-2000. New York: St. Martin’s Press. This book was not exactly useful to most aspects of this project, but it did provide some background on the main events of the jazz period from 1954 through 2000.
Cultural Contributions of Black Americans: Jazz Dawns in America and Jazz Sounds in America (1992). Prod. CLEARVUE & SVE. CLEARVUE & SVE., 1992. Retrieved from Discovery Education Web on 23 February 2012. A clip from this informational documentary illustrated the revolution of music from field songs to Jazz. I used the clip to highlight the essence of ragtime.
Culture and Change in Black History in America: History of Jazz.
(2011). Where Teachers Come First. Copyrighted 2011. Retrieved from www.library.thinkquest.orgon 11/8/2011. This website contained the most useful information on the very beginning of jazz, when the slaves were brought from Africa to America, and what instruments they played.
Giddins, G. & DeVeaux, S. (2009). Jazz. New York: Norton & Company, Inc. This book is a complete resource on jazz. It provided much information about jazz from the early 1900s until 1980. It also provided short biographies of famous jazz artists.
Morgan, T. L. (2011). Jazz Roots. Jazz. Copyrighted 1995-2011. Retrieved from
www.jazz.com on 11/8/2011. This website provided information on the history of jazz from the 1950s until the 1980s. It mainly focused on who were the founders of that period of jazz.
Shannon, L. (2000). Where Blues & Jazz Started. Retrieved from www.musicatschool.com on 11/8/2011. This website gave an abundant amount of information about later jazz, from the 1980s onward.
Photos and Quotes
http://www.guitar-theroy-in-depth.com/jazzquote. This website gave many memorable quotes from famous jazz artists, such as Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Duke Ellington, and Charlie Parker.
http://brainyquote.com, Copyrighted 2001-2011. This website gave many memorable and interesting quotes from other famous jazz musicians, such as Louis Armstrong and Fat Navarro.
www.worldimages.com. This website offered many great pictures of famous jazz artists throughout history, Louis Armstrong being one of them.
www.art.com. This website was the source of many pictures and graphics related to jazz and music.
www.edu.glogster.com. Copyrighted 2012. This website housed many interesting graphics of musical instruments used throughout the jazz era.
www.fanpop.com. Copyrighted 2006-2012. This website showed many interesting pictures and was a good source for art and graphics.